2018年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解解題技巧(7)
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題干中含有infer，conclude的推理題稱為推論題。要求推出的結(jié)論可能與文章主旨有關(guān)，也可能關(guān)系不大，但不管如何，碰到這種推理題，都應(yīng)盡可能在速讀完全文后再做，因為它的綜合性較強。與主旨有關(guān)的推論題，可以仔細閱讀文中表達主旨的相關(guān)句;在讀完文章后，掃一下選項，排除不太可能的選項(如：與原文明顯相矛盾的，提到了原文找不到依據(jù)的事實、細節(jié)或觀點)，將剩下的選項回原文尋找語言證據(jù)，互相對照，能夠由原文表面文字信息合理推出來的，即為正確答案。
例1
People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some rela-tionship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic(預(yù)言的)because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.
Consider also the belief that "the phone always rings when I'm in the shower. "If it does ring while you are in the shower, the even will stand out and be remembered. If it doesn't ring, that nonevent probably won't even register(留下印象).
People. want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths "happen in threes. "Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their "happening together" is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.
We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an auto-mobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schelling ex-plains, "Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy," This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.
Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious(謹慎的)in drawing conclusions. The "evidence" of everyday life is sometimes misleading.
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.
B. In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.
C. People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.
D. Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.
瀏覽一下選項，B與D在原文找不到依據(jù)，而C與文章首句People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship.意思不符，所以均應(yīng)排除。文章第一段和第二段各舉了一個例子：第一段指出人們因為一些夢想成真而忽視了多數(shù)夢想沒有變成現(xiàn)實這一事實;第二段指出人們總是抱怨“每次淋浴電話就響”，但卻忽視了大多數(shù)淋浴時電話并不響這一事實。這兩個例子都說明人們易于記住表明某種關(guān)系的少數(shù)事件，而對多數(shù)事件注意不夠。因此A為正確答案。
例2
Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person's gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you per- mitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up(打量)and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interac-tion. You need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, what sociologist Erving Golfman(1963)calls "a dimming of the lights."
It can be inferred from the paragraph that
A.every glance has its significance
B.staring at a person is an expression of interest
C.a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable
D.a glance conveys more meaning than words
瀏覽一下選項，可以先排除8與C，因為上文并未討論這兩點;再看一下文中的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，剛開始幾句從總的方面論述：Exchange a glance with someone, then look away.Do you realize that you have made a statement. Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again.每一瞥的含義隨時間長短變化而變化，接著舉例說明在不同場合中的具體情況。由此可知，A：每一瞥均有其本身的含義(即各瞥含義不同)為正確答案，D所提到的比較，在原文中找不到依據(jù)，應(yīng)該排除。
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